The Significance of Greek Mythology in Understanding Cultural Identity and Healing

The guest speaker, Maestra Crisa Geanta, born to Greek parents in Greece and currently residing and working in Madrid, Spain, has a background in Greek civilization, theatrical studies, and acting. She founded the theater company Conso Banks in 2005, funded by the Greek Ministry of Culture. Maestra Crisa Geanta teaches Ancient Greek and theater at a renowned acting school in Spain and conducts seminars and masterclasses at various schools and universities worldwide.

Maestra Crisa Geanta will be delivering a talk on the significance of myths, exploring their origins, meanings, and their relevance in everyday life, culture, and their connection to art.

In Greek, 'mito' means initiation into the divine, involving closing the eyes and mouth to delve into the sanctuary of the soul. 'Mizos' also signifies teaching. 'Mitos' encompasses all human expressions like proverbs, sayings, stories, and narratives. It represents the indescribable and is associated with legends, fables, and dialogues.

Myths are essential elements of spiritual life, characterized by fear, reverence, majesty, and awe. They are logical and theological, involving gods and heroes. Myths are considered allegorical, representing knowledge veiled in storytelling. Allegory, derived from 'alos agor,' refers to speaking in a different manner, like the fables of Aesop.

The actions and passions of animals represent what happens to people, as seen in the allegories of Pythagorean opinions. Myths, according to Aristotle in his Poetics, must be memorable for easy memorization, as stated by Proclus in his comments on Plato's Republic. Myths serve as a necessary tool in Greek philosophy, being the basis for tragedies and various types of myths such as theogonic, cosmogonic, cosmological, anthropological, and eschatological.

The relationship between history and myth lies in history narrating past events while myths depict eternal truths. The importance of myths is presumed by their authors, whose identities remain a mystery. Myths exhibit richness in symbolism, spanning physical, moral, and philosophical aspects, showcasing the high quality of myth creation techniques. A myth is like a layered painting, revealing different meanings upon deeper contemplation.

Myths contain layers of information ranging from political, philosophical, psychological, metaphysical, mathematical, to astrofisical aspects. Delving into myths requires interdisciplinary examination to uncover their profound meanings. Myths should not be dismissed as mere fantasy but explored with a deep understanding of various disciplines to reveal their hidden truths.

Poetic myths may not convince all listeners but hold hidden truths that few can grasp, potentially misleading the inexperienced. In contrast, philosophical myths, if not deeply explored for truth, can lead to misunderstanding. Various types of myths like theological, physical, psychic, and materialistic serve to help understand the divine and human nature, guiding individuals to know themselves and the world around them.

The word 'Hermes/Mercury' derives from the term 'hermina,' which means interpretation. In mythology, Hermes is depicted as a guide for souls, known as the Logos. For instance, Hermes rescues Odysseus from Calypso, symbolizing the philosophical concept that following hidden meanings in myths can lead to salvation by connecting with the creator's intellect.

Mythology serves a crucial role in contemporary life by providing a sense of identity and roots. It reflects the typical characteristics, language, and traditions of a tribe or ethnic group. Greek mythology, for example, defines the nation's cultural heritage through myths, translations, and historical narratives, preserving ancestral customs and rituals.

Mythology offers insights into the balance and order of the universe, portraying opposing yet harmonious forces. These forces, such as Mars and Venus, symbolize the balance between centrifugal and centripetal energies. The union of these forces, representing love, gives rise to harmony, concord, symmetry, and equilibrium in the cosmos.

Myth possesses a profound healing ability to reconstruct and soothe the traumatized human soul, particularly in the face of violence, materialism, lack of values, loneliness, and destructive patterns. It serves as a force of wisdom, offering a sense of restoration and calmness amidst life's storms and challenges.

Ancient Greek tragedies, like those of Aeschylus and Sophocles, have therapeutic value in modern times. These narratives can help individuals cope with trauma, conflict, and existential dilemmas, offering a healing experience for the soul. The ancient theater, situated in Epidaurus, was considered a healing center where myths and tragedies were performed to cure both the soul and body of patients.

Myths serve as mirrors reflecting deeper aspects of ourselves beyond just our surface needs and social interactions. They prompt us to introspect and analyze where we stand in relation to the myths we resonate with, leading to a process of self-discovery and self-analysis.

Greek mythology portrays characters with depth and intelligence, even when they make mistakes. These myths serve as cautionary tales and examples to avoid, shaping moral lessons and guiding individuals towards self-improvement.

Engaging with myths acts as an introduction to philosophy and theology, as noted by Plutarch. The pursuit of truth within myths requires education, alertness, and a predisposition towards understanding the symbolic and hidden meanings embedded in mythological narratives.

Myths, according to Proclus, point towards the divine essence within our souls. They symbolize ancient wisdom and truths, veiled behind allegorical representations that connect individuals to the mysteries of existence.

Greek myths continue to inspire various forms of artistic expression, including paintings, sculptures, literature, and films. Artists draw upon the rich narratives of Greek mythology to create new works that resonate with audiences and evoke a sense of timeless inspiration.

Numerous literary works, such as those by Molière, Racine, Shakespeare, and others, have been directly influenced by Greek myths. These works, ranging from tragedies to comedies, showcase the enduring impact and relevance of Greek mythology in shaping storytelling and cultural narratives.

Oscar Wilde, in his essay 'The Critic as Artist,' mentions that great artists like Homer, Aeschylus, and Shakespeare did not seek inspiration from contemporary themes but delved into ancient myths, legends, and tales. Nietzsche, in 'The Birth of Tragedy,' asserts that without myth, all art loses its vitality and creative power. This highlights the profound influence of ancient myths on artistic creation throughout history.

The film 'Visconte' draws inspiration from Dostoevsky's 'White Nights' to explore the philosophical concept of Eros and Anteros, portraying a world where everyone is in love but unable to reciprocate. Eros, as a philosophical idea and a deity, exists only in Greek thought and tradition. Works of art without symbolism or deeper meaning lack significance, as symbolism adds layers of interpretation and philosophical depth to artistic expressions.

Contemporary cinema inundates audiences with modern myths through characters like Superman, Batman, James Bond, and others. These modern heroes, though iconic, pale in comparison to the depth and richness of mythological figures. The film industry invests vast sums in creating these modern myths, driven by the audience's inherent need for mythical narratives.

Modern myths are characterized as simplistic, immature, and lacking depth, serving to establish dogmas and beliefs that manipulate people's consciousness. In contrast, Greek myths represent reality and truth, offering a path to enlightenment and moral lessons. While modern myths provide an escape from reality, Greek myths embody the essence of truth and serve as a reflection of the human quest for knowledge and understanding.

Mythology conveys a sense of beauty, aesthetics, and cosmic power, intertwined with philosophical concepts like 'calos' (beauty). The 'Apolo de Belvedere' sculpture exemplifies the divine beauty without overt symbols of deity, emphasizing the essence of beauty as a manifestation of the divine. Mythology also introduces archetypes, which are prototypes or primary models that inspire individuals and societies to aspire to higher ideals and virtues.

During periods of decline, archetypes such as Hércules and Perseo emerge, influencing individuals' thoughts, actions, character, and destiny. For example, Alexander the Great, on his expedition, valued myth over history, emphasizing the importance of myth in shaping one's qualities and thoughts.

Mythology provides a sense of fulfillment and depth that dominant ideologies fail to offer. Ideologies leave individuals feeling empty, attempting to fill the void with vanity, hypocrisy, greed, and various pleasures. In contrast, mythology defends life, offering a new meaning and sense of purpose, awakening love and curiosity in individuals.

The study of myths gradually uncovers hidden knowledge and intrigues, often concealed in images, allegories, or ancient myths. As Heraclitus beautifully expressed, nature enjoys hiding and concealing its truths, inviting individuals to discover the hidden wisdom within myths that have always been present but unnoticed.

Greek mythology, unlike modern psychoanalysis, offers a sense of catharsis through myths and tragedies. The identification with mythological characters and their struggles leads to a purging of emotions, as described by Aristotle in his 'Poetics.' Tragedies cleanse individuals, purifying them from dangerous emotions and introducing noble sentiments they may not have experienced otherwise.

Mythology instills a sense of moral greatness and noble virtues in individuals, reflecting the ideals of the ancient Greeks. Virtues like love for the homeland, courage, selflessness, honor, and benevolence are exemplified through mythological figures such as Hercules and Achilles. These virtues transform thoughts and desires into actions, embodying the essence of noble character.

Heroes in mythology demonstrate exemplary actions that embody virtues like love for the homeland, honor, and courage. For instance, in the story of the Trojan War, heroes like Hector and Achilles showcase valor, selflessness, and the importance of recognition and honor in upholding virtuous deeds.

Greek mythology plays a crucial role in society by providing moral guidance and inspiration. Heroes like Ail, Patroc, Teoeo, and others, including Hercules, perform extraordinary feats to ensure peace and prosperity for the people. These myths also highlight the significance of obeying divine laws over earthly laws, as seen in the examples of Orestis, Pilad, and others.

Heroes like Perseo, Teseo, and Hercules are revered for their valor in slaying monsters and accomplishing great tasks. Their actions not only benefit society but also symbolize the triumph of good over evil. The mythological narratives emphasize the hero's role in maintaining peace and order for the well-being of the people.

Greek mythology exudes optimism through its portrayal of gods and heroes living in the light and glory. Even figures associated with the Underworld, like Adis, embody positivity and hope. The depiction of gods residing in the luminous Olympus signifies a realm of purity and honor, reflecting the optimistic essence of Greek mythology.

Mythology serves as a vehicle for conveying truths about the world, gods, and humanity. It offers insights into the human condition and the nature of existence. The enduring relevance of Greek mythology underscores its timeless wisdom and the essential role it plays in illuminating fundamental truths about life.

Modern interpretations of myths face challenges due to misinterpretations and deliberate distortions that can lead to harm. It is essential to approach myths with caution and critical thinking to discern their true meanings and prevent manipulation for nefarious purposes. By delving deep into the original context and meanings of myths, individuals can reclaim the profound insights and wisdom embedded in these ancient narratives.

The speaker discusses the importance of interpreting myths and mysteries to gain knowledge about the universe. By accurately interpreting myths, individuals can approach the divine and gain a deeper understanding of existence. The speaker emphasizes that myths have survived despite the loss of ancient mysteries and knowledge, serving as a tool for connecting with higher truths.

There is a discussion on the necessity of embracing mysteries. The speaker highlights the need to integrate spiritual and emotional aspects while interpreting myths, giving precedence to logical and rational thinking. Emotions, if not controlled, can lead individuals astray from the correct path, emphasizing the importance of interpreting myths solely with the mind and soul.

The concept of mystery is explored, focusing on the layers of knowledge that individuals must uncover. By interpreting myths, individuals can delve into the depths of mysteries, analyzing names, etymology, and meditating on the words presented. Each person's interpretation of myths varies based on their unique experiences and knowledge levels, highlighting the individualized nature of myth interpretation.

The speaker delves into the idea that everything in the universe is a mystery waiting to be interpreted. By engaging in the interpretation process, mysteries are unraveled, transforming the unknown into the known. The speaker suggests that individuals are themselves the greatest mystery, implying that understanding oneself is key to unraveling the mysteries of the universe.

The evolution of language and concepts is discussed, emphasizing the importance of analyzing words and concepts in their original context. The speaker highlights how words have shifted in meaning over time, leading to misconceptions and misinterpretations. An example is given with the word 'demon,' which originally meant a knowledgeable being in ancient Greek but has now taken on a negative connotation.

The speaker mentions their expertise in tarot reading and how symbols like the demon card are not inherently negative. The discussion touches on how symbols and concepts can be reinterpreted based on cultural and societal influences. This highlights the fluidity of symbols and the importance of understanding their original meanings versus contemporary interpretations.

The importance of memory in mythology is explored, with a focus on how memory aids in reconstructing narratives. The speaker acknowledges the challenges of memory, including issues of forgetfulness. Memory serves as a tool for piecing together stories and understanding the past, contributing to the richness of mythological interpretations.

In ancient Greece, the relationship between myth and memory was significant. The Greeks believed that storytelling should be simple for easy understanding. Themes of memory, including forgetting, false memories, and recollection, were essential. The concept of anamnesis, where hidden memories resurface, was also discussed.

There is speculation about the potential disappearance of myths in humanity. The idea that artificial intelligence could create new myths raises questions about the future. The concern is whether the creation of new myths by AI could lead to the loss of traditional myths and, consequently, a decline in humanity.

Artists often draw inspiration from myths, including Greek myths and those from other cultures. These myths and archetypes live within individuals, influencing creativity and interpretation. The enduring presence of myths in art showcases their timeless relevance and impact on human expression.

The discussion delves into the complexity of comprehending myths. While some individuals can interpret myths clearly, creating something as profound as a human soul remains a challenge. Despite advancements in technology and storytelling, the depth of myths and their influence on humanity are aspects that continue to intrigue and elude complete understanding.

Exploring myths offers a pathway to healing for the human soul, mind, and body. By delving into the mysteries and narratives presented by myths, individuals can find opportunities for mental and physical healing. The profound exploration of myths not only enriches understanding but also provides a means for personal growth and well-being.

Mention is made of myths existing in various cultures and communities, not limited to ancient Greece. The speaker shares personal experiences of myths passed down through generations, such as stories from mountain regions. These myths evoke a sense of fear and intrigue, highlighting the universal presence and impact of mythological narratives.

The locals mentioned that when lights are seen on the mountains, it indicates that the mountains are playing, a belief rooted in their reverence for the mountains and their mythology. They advised not to fear these lights as they signify playful activities among the hills and mountains, known as 'turcos.' The mythology surrounding mountains and lakes often involves tales of giants and even punishment by creating a lake for a stingy landowner.

In various mythologies, mountains and rivers are often depicted as gods. The interpretation of a mountain as a deity stems from the Greek word 'oros,' meaning 'to see,' signifying the panoramic view from the mountain's summit. For instance, Greek gods resided on Mount Olympus for a better vantage point. Similarly, giants in mythology, derived from the Greek word 'gandas,' were depicted as tall to instill fear in humans rather than symbolizing mere height.

Giants in mythology, such as Polyphemus in the Odyssey, were often portrayed as formidable beings with unique characteristics like having a single eye. These giants, like Polyphemus, were offspring of gods and played significant roles in mythological narratives, garnering fame and sparking curiosity about their existence and symbolism.

Myths serve as perfect narratives that teach valuable lessons, transcending the notions of good or bad. They offer insights into human experiences and emotions, guiding individuals to higher levels of understanding. The sadness associated with myths does not reflect personal sorrow but rather a deeper comprehension of life and reality, urging individuals to interpret myths to unlock hidden meanings and liberate themselves from metaphorical chains.

The word 'mito' has Greek origins and symbolizes an initiation into the divine. The letter Z within the word represents the divine, as 'ceos' refers to God with a circular letter that turns into a parallel line.

In Imbabura province, Ecuador, there was a misconception that legends and myths were the same as fantasy tales like 'duende,' 'chal,' and 'caja ronca.' However, the speaker's explanation highlighted that myths relate to the individual's psyche and behavior, serving as a psychological strategy that has been developed over the years for various purposes such as politics, social interactions, and economics.

The discussion delves into the psychological aspect of myths, suggesting that myths help individuals navigate their behaviors and inner conflicts. It is not about myths making people good or bad, but rather providing tools for self-reflection and finding a balanced approach to life. The speaker emphasizes that myths encompass all aspects of human existence, including psychology, philosophy, and personal growth.

The speaker reflects on how myths serve as a bridge connecting individuals to the universe. Each person is seen as a microcosm of the macrocosm, embodying the vast knowledge and wisdom encapsulated in myths. By acknowledging the universal elements within themselves, individuals can strive for a deeper understanding of their place in the world.

The enduring survival of myths is attributed to the intrinsic connection between human souls and mythological narratives. The speaker suggests that human souls cannot thrive without myths, emphasizing the profound impact these stories have on shaping human consciousness and cultural identity.

There is a proposal to continue exploring myths, particularly comparing Greek myths with Andean myths to uncover potential connections. The speaker expresses interest in analyzing how myths from different cultures can intersect and influence each other, highlighting the importance of such comparative studies for deeper cultural understanding.